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Dow Jones Industrial Average Fast Facts

By CNN

(CNN) — Here is a look at the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

Facts

The Dow Jones Industrial Average is a stock index comprised of 30 “blue-chip” US stocks. It is meant to be a way to measure the strength or weakness of the entire US stock market.

The Dow began in 1896 with 12 industrial stocks.

Dow Jones & Co was founded by journalists Charles Dow and Edward Jones.

Current Dow stocks

Records

Record high close – August 4, 2026, the Dow closes at 54,085.88 points.

Biggest one-day point gain – March 24, 2020, the Dow gains 2,112.98 points.

Biggest one-day percentage gain – March 15, 1933, the Dow closes up 15.34%.

Biggest one-day point loss – March 16, 2020, the Dow closes down 2,997.1 points.

Biggest one-day percentage loss – October 19, 1987, the Dow closes down 22.61%.

Timeline

1882 – Dow, Jones & Co. is created.

1884 – Charles Dow creates the Dow Averages, the precursor to the DJIA.

May 26, 1896 – The first index, made up of 12 industrial companies, is published and the Dow opens at 40.94 points.

January 12, 1906 – The Dow closes at 100.25, the first close above 100.

October 24, 1929 – The Stock Market crash of 1929 begins which leads to the Great Depression of the 1930s. It takes 25 years for the Dow to regain its September 1929 high of 381 points.

1930 – Dow Jones becomes incorporated and the comma in the name is dropped.

March 12, 1956 – The Dow closes at 500.24, the first close above 500.

November 14, 1972 – The Dow closes at 1,003.16, the first close above 1,000.

October 19, 1987 – The Dow closes down 508 points, at the time the biggest one-day drop ever in the Dow’s history.

November 21, 1995 – The Dow closes at 5,023.55, the first close above 5,000.

March 29, 1999 – The Dow closes at 10,006,78, the first close above 10,000.

September 17, 2001 – Stock markets reopen after the 9/11 terror attacks.

September 21, 2001 – After the first full week of trading post 9/11, the Dow falls more than 1,300 points, or about 14%.

October 19, 2006 – The Dow closes at 12,011.73, the first close above 12,000.

April 25, 2007 – The Dow closes at 13,089.89, the first close above 13,000.

July 19, 2007 – The Dow closes at 14,000.41, the first close above 14,000.

September 29, 2008 – Worst single-day point drop in history at the time, plunging 777.68 points – the same day the US House rejects the $700 billion financial bailout package.

October 6-10, 2008 – Worst weekly point and percentage decline finishing at 8,451.19, or down 1,874.19 points and 18.15% for the week.

February 21, 2012 – The Dow crosses the 13,000 level for the first time since May of 2008.

February 1, 2013 – The Dow closes above 14,000 for the first time since October of 2007.

May 7, 2013 – The Dow closes above 15,000 for the first time.

November 21, 2013 – The Dow closes above 16,000 for the first time, at 16,009.99.

July 3, 2014 – The Dow closes at 17,068.26, the first close above 17,000.

December 23, 2014 – The Dow closes at 18,024.17, the first close above 18,000.

August 26, 2015 – The Dow closes with a 619-point gain, the biggest daily point gain since 2008.

January 7, 2016 – The Dow drops 5% in its first four days of the year, the worst four-day percentage loss to start a year on record.

November 22, 2016 – The Dow closes at 19,023.87, the first close above 19,000.

January 25, 2017 – The Dow hits the 20,000 closing milestone for the first time in history.

January 4, 2018 – The Dow closes at 25,075.13, the first close above 25,000.

March 16, 2020 – The Dow records its worst one-day point drop in history, 2,997.1 points, and its worst performance on a percentage basis since October 19, 1987, also known as “Black Monday.”

March 24, 2020 – The Dow closes with a 2,112.98-point gain, to become the biggest one-day point gain in history.

November 24, 2020 – The Dow closes above 30,000 for the first time, at 30,046.24.

July 23, 2021 – The Dow closes above 35,000 for the first time, at 35,061.55.

May 17, 2024 – The Dow closes above 40,000 for the first time, at 40,003.59.

December 4, 2024 – The Dow closes above 45,000 for the first time.

February 6, 2026 – The Dow closes at 50,115.67, the first close above 50,000.

The-CNN-Wire
™ & © 2026 Cable News Network, Inc., a Warner Bros. Discovery Company. All rights reserved.

GOP lawmakers keep trying to defang voters in their own states

By CNN
(CNN) — The big headline out of Tuesday’s primaries was the slim victory of former public health official Abdul El-Sayed in Michigan’s Democratic Senate primary — proof that progressives are ascendant in the party, even in a key swing state.But two other results that barely registered in the national news chart another trend in US politics: the increasingly complicated relationship between Republican state legislatures and direct democracy.Voters in Kansas saw through a complicated ideaIn Kansas, voters rejected a proposal placed on the ballot by the state’s GOP-dominated legislature that would have taken the power to appoint state Supreme Court justices away from a merit board and the state’s governor, a Democrat.Instead, the amendment would have given voters power to elect state Supreme Court justices, who have been a thorn in the side of the GOP-dominated legislature. That might sound like voter empowerment, but the longer-term intent was to elect judges opposed to abortion rights so the court might eventually overturn the right to abortion in the state’s constitution, which was affirmed by voters in a 2022 ballot initiative.Bottom line: Anti-abortion rights activists hoped to use this amendment to overrule voters’ decision to uphold abortion rights. But voters understood this and rejected the move.Voters in Missouri protected their powerIn Missouri, voters rejected a measure placed on the ballot by the state’s Republican-dominated legislature that would’ve made it much harder to pass amendments placed on the ballot by citizens gathering signatures.Legislators’ goal was to create a two-tiered system: Constitutional amendments proposed by voters would have had to win in every congressional district in the state to pass, while amendments proposed by the state legislature would still need just a statewide majority.The important additional context is that Missouri’s GOP-dominated government has already drastically gerrymandered the state’s congressional districts to benefit Republicans, including by erasing a Democratic seat earlier this year.Functionally, the change would’ve given conservatives veto power over constitutional amendments proposed by Democrats or progressives, even if they were broadly popular.Missouri voters have routinely crossed their legislatureIt’s not just abortion rights that Missouri voters have endorsed in recent years, frustrating Republican legislators. They also expanded Medicaid and increased the state’s minimum wage.On taxes, Missouri voters on Tuesday rejected the legislature’s request to phase out the state’s income tax and, in theory, replace it with a sales tax, a priority of Republican legislatures elsewhere in the country.Take another look at abortion (but not the congressional maps)Missouri voters will not get the opportunity to weigh in on gerrymandering. The state’s top election official denied a citizen petition signed by hundreds of thousands of voters requesting a statewide vote on congressional districts enacted by the state’s GOP-dominated government. Supporters have promised to fight the decision in court.But voters will be asked to take another look at abortion rights. Missouri’s legislature is asking voters to repeal the citizen-initiated amendment they passed in 2024, but with a tweak, adding in the politically potent issue of banning transgender therapy for people under 18.Gerrymandering, the drawing of legislative maps for partisan gain, is frequently described as politicians picking voters instead of the other way around.Republicans won the redistricting war without input from votersIn fact, Republicans were able to get the upper hand in the unprecedented mid-decade gerrymandering war this year in part because they did not have to consult voters about their plans to erase Democratic districts.In California and Virginia, Democrats redrew maps, but only after consulting voters in statewide referendums, as their laws required. Voters in both states approved the concept of new maps, but only California’s will go into effect. In Virginia, state Supreme Court justices are appointed by the state legislature and a majority made up mostly of justices appointed in years when Republicans controlled the legislature threw the voter-blessed maps out, ruling they did not adhere to a strict process.There are stories like this all over the countryIn Florida, there’s already a supermajority requirement (60%) for citizen-initiated amendments to pass. That’s why, in 2024, solid majorities of voters supported restoring some abortion rights (57.2%) and legalizing cannabis (55.9%), but neither became law.Rather than face such questions again, the state’s GOP-dominated legislature and Gov. Ron DeSantis made it much more difficult and expensive for citizens to add initiatives to the ballot. The new rules, enacted earlier this year, make it a felony to gather more than 25 signatures in support of an initiative without first registering with the state as a petition circulator.When voters are given the opportunity, they tend to uphold abortion rightsIn the 17 states where voters have been asked to weigh in on abortion rights at the state level since Roe v. Wade was overturned, according to KFF, voters have supported abortion rights in all but three instances, in Nebraska and South Dakota, where majorities opposed abortion rights, and in Florida, where the supermajority requirement was not met.Five more abortion-related initiatives are currently expected to appear on statewide ballots in November.Citizen ballot initiatives vs. legislature ballot initiativesIn many of these instances, the divide is between ballot initiatives proposed by citizens and those proposed by the state’s legislature. Citizens have the ability to place initiatives on the ballot in about half of states, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. CNN’s Fredreka Schouten wrote last year about the surge of efforts to put new hurdles in front of these efforts, which are frequently backed by liberal groups who feel locked out of power in red states.South Dakota voters will vote in November on whether to impose a 60% threshold on citizen-initiated ballot initiatives. South Dakota voters will also take another crack at Medicaid. In 2022, South Dakotans voted to expand the program offering health insurance to low-income people, bringing it in line with most of the rest of the country under Obamacare. This year, the legislature is asking the voters to drop that expansion if federal funding drops.Voters don’t always follow the scriptIf the trend is for left-leaning groups to use the initiative process to counter conservative legislatures, there are exceptions. California voters in 2024 narrowly rejected a state law that would have created an $18 per hour minimum wage.An initiative that would have raised the minimum wage in Oklahoma was rejected by voters earlier this year. Supporters of the initiative were frustrated that the state’s leaders moved the question to the June primary rather than the November general election. Voters in most states, given the chance, have supported minimum wage hikes, including in Arkansas and Missouri. Oklahoma’s vote means it will retain the federal minimum wage of $7.25 an hour, the product of a 2007 law. Look for Democrats to try to raise that floor the next time they hold majorities in Congress.Voters, ultimately, hold the power. They could throw out the legislators they disagree with. But that power is muted by gerrymandered legislative maps that feed hyper-partisanship in US politics. It could all get worse if, as expected, the redistricting war restarts next year and politicians do even more to pick their voters instead of the other way around.CNN’s Ethan Cohen contributed to this report.The-CNN-Wire™ & © 2026 Cable News Network, Inc., a Warner Bros. Discovery Company. All rights reserved.
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