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El terremoto tendrá un impacto moderado en la economía de Colombia, pero grande sobre una promesa clave del presidente

El Gobierno de Colombia comenzó a delinear lo que, pasados los primeros días desde el trágico terremoto del lunes que hasta el momento dejó al menos 285 muertos, y cuando todavía continúa el rescate de las víctimas, pasa a ser su nuevo desafío, la recuperación económica ante el impacto de la tragedia.

El presidente Abelardo de la Espriella declaró el miércoles la emergencia económica y trazó algunas medidas, aunque todavía se desconoce la imagen completa de la devastación.

“Es muy pronto para poder dar una cifra del costo total esperado”, dijo a CNN el economista Jhorland Ayala García, investigador del Centro de Estudios Económicos Regionales del Banco de la República de Colombia. Sin embargo, destacó las cifras preliminares divulgadas por la Unidad Nacional para la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres: más de 12.000 viviendas destruidas y 74.000 averiadas.

Ayala señaló además que en cuanto a la infraestructura pública, el mayor número de instalaciones afectadas se observa hasta el momento en el sector educativo. Según las autoridades, más de 2.000 centros de enseñanza quedaron dañados.

Con esos cálculos y usando los antecedentes de los terremotos de 1999 y 1983 en Colombia, el investigador estimó que el costo podría ser mayor al 1 % del producto bruto interno del país.

Por su parte, un informe de la consulta Oxford Economics indicó que las primeras estimaciones “apuntan a repercusiones macroeconómicas menores”.

El impacto sería de entre 0,2 % y 0,4 % sobre el PBI, pero “es probable que esto se vea compensado por el gasto público destinado a la recuperación y la reconstrucción”, indica el reporte realizado por el economista senior para América Latina de la firma, Tim Hunter, que añade que ello también compensará “el ligero descenso de la demanda privada”.

Por ello, Oxford Economics mantuvo sin cambios su previsión de crecimiento del PBI de 3 % para 2026 y 2,5 % para 2027.

En esa dirección, Ayala coincidió en el efecto de los planes de reconstrucción: “Habrá un impulso al crecimiento económico y a la generación de empleo que puede mejorar las perspectivas económicas de corto plazo del país”.

Oxford Economics también reafirmó su previsión de inflación de 6,2 % interanual para fines de 2026, ya que no espera grandes problemas en el flujo de suministros o un debilitamiento sustancial de la demanda.

Si bien apuntó que “la destrucción podría provocar interrupciones en el suministro de algunos productos”, destacó que la proporción de la población gravemente afectada no llegaría al 2 % del total del país, de acuerdo con las primeras estimaciones del Servicio Geológico estadounidense. Si bien Cali, la tercera ciudad más grande del país, fue una de las más afectadas, en Bogotá y Medellín los daños fueron menores.

Entre las cadenas de producción seguidas con atención está la del café, una de las principales exportaciones del país y parte de su identidad cultural. Colombia es el tercer mayor productor mundial de café, solo detrás de Brasil y Vietnam, y aporta el 7 % de los granos, según datos del Departamento de Agricultura de EE.UU.

Aunque el puerto de Buenaventura, clave para la exportación, no sufrió daños de consideración, las autoridades realizaban inspecciones de seguridad y hubo algunos bloqueos en las carreteras para llegar a él, informó el gerente de la Federación Nacional de Cafeteros, Germán Bahamón, pero agregó que los despachos continúan con normalidad desde Cartagena y Santa Marta en el mar Caribe, reportó Reuters. El empresario aseguró en X que la Federación está “en terreno, levantando la afectación finca por finca, vivienda rural e infraestructura productiva”, para presentar al Gobierno “la dimensión real de los daños” y apoyar a las familias cafeteras que requieren reconstrucción.

Al respecto, De la Espriella ya adelantó parte de su plan económico de reactivación, que incluirá “alivios temporales en el pago de servicios públicos, subsidios de arrendamiento para quienes perdieron sus viviendas, alivios tributarios y financieros, apoyos económicos para las familias más vulnerables y mecanismos de respaldo para comerciantes y pequeños empresarios afectados”.

También anunció la creación del “Fondo Milagro”, para canalizar recursos nacionales e internacionales para la reconstrucción de hospitales, escuelas, viviendas, vías, aeropuertos y otra infraestructura afectada.

El investigador Ayala destacó que la ayuda internacional y las estrategias de refinanciación de deuda con vencimiento en el corto plazo “pueden aliviar la presión ante esta emergencia”, pero comentó que este desafío pone en riesgo una de las grandes promesas con las que asumió el presidente: bajar el déficit y sanear las cuentas públicas.

“Sin duda esta nueva realidad hará muy difícil mantener un gobierno central austero y cumplir con las aspiraciones de recortar el gasto público”, expresó. El economista consideró que es posible “ajustar el presupuesto de 2027 y reasignar partidas específicas sin tener que incrementar el monto inicialmente planteado de $575 billones (de pesos colombianos)”, pero subrayó que para ello sería clave “comprometer la participación de municipios y departamentos con capacidad fiscal y capacidad de endeudamiento para reducir la presión sobre el nivel central”.

Oxford Economics indicó que ese sí es un indicador que “probablemente” ajustará en sus próximas previsiones: actualmente el déficit lo estima en el 7,1 % del PBI para este año y 5,5 % para 2027. “El gasto público adicional supondrá un reto para la agenda fiscal del presidente. (…) La respuesta al terremoto hará que nuestras estimaciones apunten a un déficit mayor”, apuntó.

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Luigi Mangione pleads guilty in federal case, admits shooting Brian Thompson

▶ Watch Video: Luigi Mangione pleads guilty to federal charges in killing of Brian Thompson Luigi Mangione entered a guilty plea in his federal case at a court appearance in Manhattan Friday morning, admitting to the judge that he shot and killed UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson outside a Midtown hotel in 2024.Mangione, 28, faced both federal and state trials in New York for the deadly shooting. He had previously pleaded not guilty in both cases.Sentencing in the federal case will take place on Dec. 18, with Mangione facing a maximum possible sentence of life in prison.His state trial is currently set to begin in September. Mangione's defense team said they've filed for state charges to be dismissed under New York's double jeopardy law, and the Manhattan DA's office said they're prepared to fight their move for dismissal. What happened in courtThompson's family arrived in the courtroom at around 10:50 a.m. The hearing, which had been set to start at 11 a.m., got started a bit late. The courtroom had filled press personnel as well as about two rows of members of the public. Mangione entered the court at around 11:10 a.m. with his feet shackled and his hands behind his back. He was wearing tan prison clothing with a white T-shirt underneath. Just before 11:15 a.m., Mangione's defense team told the judge Mangione "is prepared to plead guilty to the indictment at this time." The judge asked Mangione if that was correct. "Yes," Mangione told the judge. The judge then asked Mangione a series of questions about his background and use of medications and drugs. The judge then found Mangione to be fully competent to enter the plea. The judge told Mangione that the maximum possible sentence is life in prison followed by supervised release. The judge added that there's no parole in the federal system, although good behavior and other programs can impact how long he will spend in prison. He will be required to serve 85% of the sentence, the judge said. The judge pointed out that there's no plea agreement between the defense and prosecution, and Mangione's defense attorney said that's correct. Mangione's admission in courtMangione then told the court in his own words what he did. He told the court that he had for years endured severe pain for a broken back and had navigated the health insurance system. He told the court he learned about the UnitedHealthcare annual investor conference in New York even though it wasn't publicized, and traveled to it. He told the court he posed as an investor to find out more information about the conference. He told the court he used a 3D printer to make parts of the gun, and traveled to New York with the gun, silencer, and magazine with "the intent to shoot Brian Thompson." He said he shot Thompson in Manhattan knowing it would place him in fear of death or serious bodily injury. Prosecutors then spoke in court, reviewing the evidence against Mangione. They pointed to video capturing the shooting, as well as Mangione fleeing the scene on the bicycle, his arrest in Altoona, Pennsylvania, the recovered pistol and shell casings, as well as DNA found at the crime scene. Prosecutors said entries in Mangione's notebook expressed his desire to kill a health care executive. "Mr. Mangione, how do you now plead to counts one and two of the indictment," the judge asked. "Guilty," Mangione said. "I will accept your guilty plea," the judge said. About the chargesMangione initially faced four federal charges in Thompson's killing. Two of those charges against him, one of which brought the possibility of the death penalty — murder through use of a firearm and an additional firearms charge — were dismissed earlier this year, and federal prosecutors said they would not appeal that decision.That left federal stalking charges against him, which brought the possibility of life in prison without the possibility of parole.Jury selection in the federal case had been set to begin in January. Speculation about a possible plea deal had been rampant since Tuesday, when prosecutors and Mangione's defense team sent a letter to the court requesting a Friday conference regarding the federal case.Luigi Mangione's state trial and double jeopardy concernsMangione's attorney Karen Friedman Agnifilo spoke after Mangione entered his guilty plea to federal charges. "Despite this being a single isolated event, Mr. Mangione has been unfairly treated since the outset in every way, and has successfully fought off terrorism charges and the death penalty, while also fighting at the same time two simultaneous prosecutions in two jurisdictions who are trying to punish him twice for the exact conduct," Agnifilo said. "New York law does not permit a person to be prosecuted and punished twice for the exact same crime under a statute that covers successive prosecutions, it's also known as the double jeopardy law."Today's guilty plea triggers this statute, and we just filed our motion in state court explaining why the state charges must be dismissed under New York's double jeopardy protections," Agnifilo said. Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg's office released a statement after the guilty plea saying they're going to fight to keep their prosecution going. "Since December 2024, the Manhattan D.A.'s Office has been tirelessly preparing to pursue a trial conviction in New York State Supreme Court for the alleged cold-blooded murder of Brian Thompson. We are encouraged that Mr. Thompson's family received a measure of accountability today.  While federal sentencing is pending, we are prepared to litigate the defense motions. The Manhattan D.A.'s Office remains committed to seeking justice for Mr. Thompson and his family," a spokesperson for the Manhattan DA's office said. Mangione's state trial is set to begin in September.The state case, in which he faces second-degree murder charges, among others, also carries with it the possibility of life in prison.Double jeopardy refers to a law stating "a person may not be twice prosecuted for the same offense," although there are a number of exceptions. "Luigi Mangione's defense team had made that argument in the state case prior, and this could revive it, because if you actually have a conviction on the federal case, it's a more robust double jeopardy protection in the New York state case. So we could see a motion there that could kick this state case back," CBS News legal contributor Caroline Polisi said on "CBS Mornings" Thursday. Legal expert Rich Schoenstein, however, said he thinks the double jeopardy argument is "open and complicated and subject to debate." Schoenstein said that's because the federal charges Mangione is pleading guilty to are related to interstate matters and stalking, which are quite different than the second-degree murder, weapons and forged instrument charges he's facing on a state level. "So the weapons and forged instrument charges would not be resolved by the federal plea, and arguably the intentional killing charge would not be resolved. I do think there's a serious question as to whether this would be double jeopardy," Schoenstein said.The plea deal, however, may "put some pressure" on New York prosecutors to reach a deal too, "and therefore it could resolve the case on a negotiated level." Thompson family reactsThe family of Brian Thompson released a statement following the guilty plea. "Today's guilty plea marks an important step toward justice for Brian and for our family. While nothing will ease the pain of losing him, we are grateful that the federal justice system has held the person responsible for this heinous act accountable. Now we look to the court to ensure that sentencing reflects the severity of this crime. We remain mindful that additional proceedings in New York and Pennsylvania are still to come, and we will continue to seek the justice Brian deserves." Evidence in the Luigi Mangione caseKey evidence seized during Mangione's Pennsylvania arrest had been expected to be admitted in the federal trial, including a 3D-printed handgun, loaded magazine, a notebook and more.Thompson, 50, was killed on Dec. 4, 2024, as he arrived at a hotel for UnitedHealth Group's annual investor conference. The killing  of the husband and father of two was caught on surveillance video, which showed Thompson being shot in the back as he walked down the street. Police say the words "delay," "deny" and "depose" were written on the ammunition, echoing a phrase used to describe how insurers avoid paying claims.Thompson's killing set off a frantic multistate manhunt that ended with Mangione's arrest at a McDonald's in Altoona, Pennsylvania, five days later.This is a developing story. Check back soon for more information. 
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