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En la cima de la colina de Sebastia, israelíes y palestinos luchan por la posesión del pasado y el control del presente

Desde una remota colina al norte de Nablus, la vista se extiende por la Ribera Occidental ocupada. Asentamientos israelíes, aldeas palestinas y las sinuosas carreteras y puestos de control que los conectan —y dividen—.

Dispersos entre los olivares, yacen miles de años de historia: los restos de un antiguo palacio, un teatro romano y columnas erosionadas que han sobrevivido a imperios.

Sebastia es uno de los yacimientos arqueológicos más complejos de Medio Oriente. Y en la actualidad, es un punto álgido en la disputa entre las autoridades israelíes y palestinas por la tierra, el patrimonio y la narrativa histórica.

Durante el último año, Israel ha tomado medidas para expropiar aproximadamente 202 hectáreas de tierras palestinas de propiedad privada en los alrededores de Sebastia, una pequeña aldea palestina con un rico yacimiento arqueológico.

El Gobierno destinó US$ 10 millones para convertir el sitio en una atracción turística.

La Autoridad Palestina, por su parte, se esfuerza por lograr que Sebastia sea reconocida urgentemente como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO, una candidatura que la organización debate este mes en Corea del Sur.

Ambas partes creen que la tierra —y su historia— les pertenece.

La historia de Sebastia se remonta al menos a 3.000 años. Los arqueólogos la identifican como la antigua Samaria, capital del reino bíblico de Israel.

Herodes el Grande la reconstruyó posteriormente, la rebautizó como Sebastia y añadió estructuras monumentales que perduraron durante los periodos romano, bizantino, árabe y de las Cruzadas.

En la localidad vecina, la tradición local también la sitúa como el lugar de sepultura de Juan el Bautista.

Hoy en día, todas estas capas están entrelazadas en el conflicto israelí-palestino, donde convergen la batalla por el territorio y la historia.

El yacimiento arqueológico de Sebastia se encuentra en la zona C de la Ribera Occidental, bajo el control civil y de seguridad israelí total según los Acuerdos de Oslo, mientras que la ciudad adyacente y su infraestructura turística se ubican en la zona B, bajo jurisdicción mixta palestino-israelí.

Esa línea divisoria preocupa cada vez más a los habitantes de la ciudad, cuya economía depende en gran medida del turismo y la agricultura.

Los lugareños afirman que ya se les ha impedido realizar trabajos básicos de conservación en las ruinas de la zona controlada por Israel. Temen que la reciente expropiación de tierras les impida por completo el acceso a estas áreas.

“Para nosotros, este lugar es nuestro corazón y nuestra memoria a la vez”, declaró Zaid Azhari, promotor turístico local. “Con esta orden de expropiación, perdemos lo que nos define: perdemos el acceso a nuestra tierra y al sitio arqueológico. No puedo imaginar Sebastia sin el yacimiento”, comentó a CNN. “Es como tener hijos: no puedes abandonar a ninguno”.

Azhari, uno de los líderes de la campaña “Salvemos Sebastia”, afirmó que la fricción con los soldados y los colonos ha dificultado la vida cotidiana durante años, y advirtió que la orden de confiscación podría paralizar la economía del pueblo, desde el turismo hasta la cosecha de aceitunas. “Si no podemos acceder a ellas, todo el ciclo económico de Sebastia quedará destruido”.

Sebastia es solo una pieza de una iniciativa más amplia. Desde 2023, el Gobierno de derecha del primer ministro Benjamin Netanyahu ha invertido más de US$ 82 millones en yacimientos arqueológicos de la Ribera Occidental a través de un programa llamado “Camino, Tierra, Patrimonio”, supervisado por el ministro de Patrimonio, Amichai Eliyahu, del partido de extrema derecha Otzma Yehudit.

El programa se centra en yacimientos con importancia histórica judía, entre ellos la Cueva de los Patriarcas de Hebrón y Herodium, el palacio fortificado en el desierto de Herodes el Grande, mientras que los yacimientos de patrimonio islámico y cristiano en las mismas zonas quedan en gran medida excluidos.

“Casi cada piedra y sitio patrimonial contiene miles de años de historia judía”, afirmó Netanyahu en mayo, cuando su Gobierno aprobó otra ronda de financiación. “Estamos invirtiendo en preservar nuestro pasado para asegurar nuestro futuro”.

Netanyahu fue más allá y propuso la creación de una “Autoridad del Patrimonio de la Ribera Occidental” que transferiría el control arqueológico de la Administración Civil militar a su propio ministerio.

Sin embargo, funcionarios israelíes informaron a CNN que Netanyahu archivó la legislación ante la preocupación por la posible reacción internacional.

Eliyahu presenta esta iniciativa como un intento de preservar y rescatar sitios patrimoniales abandonados, que, según él, han sufrido décadas de saqueo, daños y destrucción por parte de los palestinos.

“No estoy dispuesto a que la historia del pueblo judío sea destruida, desmantelada o borrada”, declaró Eliyahu a CNN, describiendo su trabajo como la restauración de la “verdadera historia” de Sebastia y otros sitios de la Ribera Occidental.

Eliyahu, conocido por haber barajado un ataque nuclear contra Gaza en 2023 como “una opción”, rechazó la premisa de que el territorio en cuestión sea palestino. “Es territorio israelí. Pertenece al pueblo judío”, afirmó. “Los hechos son irrefutables. ¿Acaso pretenden que permitamos que borren nuestra herencia? Esta es la tierra de nuestros antepasados”.

Los grupos de vigilancia israelíes cuentan una historia diferente.

“El único interés del Gobierno es el patrimonio judío, borrando miles de años de existencia humana en esta zona”, declaró Alon Arad, director de la organización israelí Emek Shaveh, que realiza un seguimiento de la arqueología en la Ribera Occidental.

Arad sostiene que la política no se centra tanto en la preservación como en el control territorial. “A Eliyahu no le importan las antigüedades. Quiere la anexión. Las antigüedades son solo una excusa, parte de un proceso mucho más serio, que crea una correlación entre patrimonio y soberanía”, declaró a CNN. “La arqueología se utiliza como una herramienta”.

Desestimó las afirmaciones de Eliyahu sobre el abandono sistemático de las antigüedades por parte de los palestinos, calificándolas de “argumento sumamente cínico”, y afirmó que no existen datos que las respalden.

La Autoridad Palestina está presionando para que Sebastia pase de la lista provisional de la UNESCO, donde figura desde 2012, a la lista definitiva del Patrimonio Mundial, y Arad espera que la inscripción en la UNESCO pueda frenar nuevas acciones israelíes.

Por su parte, Eliyahu afirmó: “La UNESCO puede decir lo que quiera. Si intenta ir en contra de la verdad e inventar narrativas, no lo conseguirá”.

La Ribera Occidental alberga miles de yacimientos arqueológicos —las estimaciones varían entre 2.600 y hasta 6.000—, lo que refleja su larga historia como encrucijada de civilizaciones.

Sebastia es un ejemplo de una lucha que no solo gira en torno al pasado, sino también al presente y al futuro del territorio y de las personas que viven cerca de sus piedras históricas.

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Deputy followed her six miles, then threw her to the ground: Sun Prairie family alleges racial profiling, excessive force

Click here for updates on this story    SUN PRAIRIE, WI (365 Media Foundation, Inc) -- A Sun Prairie family has filed complaints with the Dane County Sheriff’s Office (DCSO) and Sun Prairie Police Department (SPPD), and is pursuing legal action, after a Dane County Sheriff’s Deputy followed a 19-year-old woman for more than six miles, handcuffed her father, forcibly threw her to the ground and violently detained her without provocation.Sun Prairie Police body camera video shows Bryanna Montgomery, 19, was backing away from Deputy Tory Boyce when he grabbed her arm and the back of her neck, throwing her to the ground and kneeling on her back. With the assistance of Sun Prairie Police officer Tyler Chitwood, who also knelt on Bryanna Montgomery’s back, Boyce placed Montgomery in the back of his patrol car.“I’m about to watch my kid get killed in front of our (expletive) house,” Jovan Montgomery recalls thinking. He said he may pursue therapy, as the whole encounter has given him recurring nightmares.A Sun Prairie Police Department spokesman said the department is looking into the case but could not comment at this time. “The Dane County Sheriff’s Office takes all complaints about the conduct of our employees seriously. Maintaining the trust and confidence of our community members is of the utmost importance,” Dane County Sheriff Kalvin Barret said in an email to Madison365. “Whenever we receive a complaint, we thoroughly review the matter and take appropriate action based on the outcome of the investigation.”The following video comes from two SPPD body cameras. The second depicts a better view of Boyce’s actions but is muted, which is against SPPD policy. The video contains profanity and disturbing images.youtu.be/Q1m7lt0gYOs?si=mZGLeF-gYyLHu0EwAll eight body camera videos are available at this link: youtu.be/AwpbkPlcdkEThe incidentJovan Montgomery told Madison365 that he and his daughter Bryanna had gone to Madison’s east side to pick up his other daughter’s car late Wednesday, July 29. Bryanna was driving that car back to their home in Sun Prairie, with Jovan in his car behind. He said he noticed a Dane County Sheriff’s Deputy following closely behind Bryanna on the East Side of Madison, and that the deputy continued to follow her all the way to Sun Prairie. A ticket mailed to Bryanna subsequently alleges that she ran the stop sign at Portage Road and Hanson Road in the Town of Burke. Google Maps indicates that it’s a 6.6-mile drive from there to the Montgomery home, which is where Boyce finally turned on his lights and pulled Bryanna over.A DCSO representative said there’s no set policy on how long it should take to initiate a traffic stop after a deputy observes a violation.“The timeline completely depends on the discretion of the individual law enforcement officer surrounding the anticipated contact,” DCSO Public Information Officer Elise Shaffer wrote in an email responding to Madison365’s questions. “Every contact with the public presents its own unique set of circumstances.”Madison365 has submitted open records requests for Boyce’s patrol car dash cam video. The dark blue route is the one Jovan Montgomery said he and his daughter took from the East Side of Madison to Sun Prairie, with Sheriff’s Deputy Tory Boyce following the entire way. Jovan Montgomery said he followed the deputy as the deputy followed Byranna, calling his wife, who was at home. When they arrived home and the deputy turned his lights on, Jovan parked behind the deputy’s car. Jovan got out of his car just as Boyce was getting out of his, and Jovan said Boyce immediately shone his flashlight into Jovan’s eyes and demanded to see his ID. Jovan Montgomery said he asked what crime he had committed, and declined to show his ID. A law enforcement officer can ask anyone for an ID, and a person can decline that request, unless the officer has reasonable suspicion that they’ve committed a crime, Shaffer said. “He probably wanted to see if I got a warrant (for arrest),” Jovan Montgomery said. “I don’t. Once he saw me, he saw a Black man, and he’s like, ‘target acquired.'”After declining to provide an ID, Jovan Montgomery walked onto his front lawn and requested Boyce summon assistance from the Sun Prairie Police Department (SPPD), because he knew SPPD uses body cameras. Eight SPPD officers arrived very shortly thereafter.SPPD body camera video indicates that Boyce told SPPD officers “he’s detained, she’s detained,” pointing in turn at Jovan and Bryanna Montgomery. Jovan Montgomery’s wife and Bryanna’s stepmother, Emily Wendt, was also outside and vocally confrontational with police, but was not detained.Wendt is white. Jovan and Bryanna Montgomery are Black.SPPD officer Tyler Chitwood wrote in an incident report that he asked Boyce if he wanted Jovan Montgomery in handcuffs, and that Boyce said yes.Chitwood’s body camera video shows that he asked, “You want him actually detained?” And Boyce answered, “Yes, with the way he’s acting,” as Jovan Montgomery, standing on his front lawn, took a step back with his arms folded.Chitwood and officer Odalys Gloria then placed Jovan Montgomery in handcuffs. Chitwood wrote in his report that Jovan Montgomery offered “passive resistance” by tensing his arm, but complied.Shaffer said Wisconsin law enforcement officers “are allowed to handcuff a person when that person is under formal arrest, placed in protective custody, or when a law enforcement officer has specific articulable facts showing the person poses a safety or flight risk during temporary detention.”Madison365 has submitted open records requests for Deputy Boyce’s incident reports to ascertain whether he articulated any such facts. Shaffer could not answer whether his reports contain such facts.Video recorded by Chitwood and Gloria then shows Boyce speaking with Bryanna Montgomery on the sidewalk. Boyce said he wanted to “explain the traffic stop” and seemed to indicate he wanted Bryanna Montgomery to move closer to the street for that purpose. It’s unclear why he couldn’t explain the traffic stop where they were standing, on the sidewalk. Bryanna Montgomery did not seem threatening, nor did she seem to be attempting to flee. However, when she refused to walk with Boyce toward the street, he grabbed her upper arm with one hand, the back of her neck with the other and threw her face-first to the ground, on the strip of grass between the sidewalk and the curb. While Wendt screamed and implored officers to get off of her, and Jovan told Bryanna to hold still and calm down, both Chitwood and Boyce knelt on her back while securing her in handcuffs. She said once that she couldn’t breathe. Once they had her cuffed, Chitwood asked whether she needed an ambulance; she said no. They then walked her to a patrol car and she voluntarily got in the back seat, saying, “I weigh like 20 times less than both of you. You don’t need two grown men on my (expletive) back.”A few minutes later, a DCSO Sergeant arrived and walked Jovan toward his garage door, away from the SPPD officers. Jovan said he explained the situation to the sergeant and the sergeant unlocked the handcuffs on him and instructed SPPD officers to get Bryanna out of the squad car and unlock the handcuffs on her. Boyce told Bryanna that he would mail a ticket, and the police all left.Bryanna Montgomery then received tickets in the mail for failure to obey a traffic sign, for following too closely and for driving without her driver’s license on her person. Jovan Montgomery received a ticket for following Boyce too closely. That ticket indicates the violation happened on Main Street in Sun Prairie, even though all three vehicles avoided Main Street due to road construction.“This was a big deal”After the police had all left, Wendt and Jovan Montgomery took Bryanna to the emergency room, where she was treated for a racing heart rate, difficulty breathing, and abrasions to her legs. A little over a week later, during an interview with Madison365, Jovan seemed more traumatized than Bryanna was.“You’re supposed to de-escalate,” he said of his expectations of police. “You’re supposed to make sure people feel safe. I don’t even feel safe in front of police anymore.”He said he remembers hearing Bryanna say, “We’re not doing this today” to Boyce, and thinking she meant, “we’re not doing what you guys just did a week ago with Corey (Ruiz),” referring to the man shot and killed by Madison police on July 22, just a week before this encounter. “That’s not gonna happen. You’re not gonna do any violence or murder somebody in front of our house. I’m no threat.”Bryanna said she felt more disrespected than fearful.“You’re not even talking to me like I’m a human,” Bryanna said. “You’re talking to me like you own me.”“It just seemed like it was just a really bad day, and it seemed like the deputy wanted to make it a worse day,” Jovan Montgomery said. “I really feel that I was being targeted… as a Black man.”The family has filed complaints with both DCSO and SPPD. They have also consulted an attorney and are considering a lawsuit against both agencies.“I want a public apology towards me and for my child, because a routine traffic stop should not turn into where people are being thrown around like rag dolls or like we’re slaves,” Jovan said. “Those days are over with.”Wendt said she wants “some accountability that something’s going to change. There’s going to have to be some monetary compensation, too. This is trauma… what we want is acknowledgement. We want Byranna’s case to mean something for change. This was a big deal.”Please note: This story was provided to CNN Wire by an affiliate and does not contain original CNN reporting. This content carries a strict local market embargo. If you share the same market as the contributor of this article, you may not use it on any platform.
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