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Un modelo de prueba de OpenAI se infiltró en los servidores de una empresa real

OpenAI afirma que algunos de sus modelos experimentales de IA abandonaron un entorno de prueba sin supervisión humana y se infiltraron en los sistemas de producción reales de otra empresa mientras intentaban “hacer trampa” en una prueba de ciberseguridad.

Se trata de uno de los primeros ejemplos divulgados públicamente de un sistema de IA que, de forma autónoma, vulnera su entorno de pruebas y accede a un sistema externo real: el escenario de “atacante automatizada” sobre el que la industria de la IA y la ciberseguridad venía advirtiendo. Es como si un virus modificado genéticamente escapara de un laboratorio de bioseguridad y apareciera en los sistemas de una instalación vecina.

“Consideramos que este incidente es un ciberataque sin precedentes, que involucra capacidades cibernéticas de vanguardia, y estamos respondiendo en consecuencia”, declaró OpenAI en un comunicado este martes. “Compartimos los hallazgos preliminares en esta etapa para ayudar a los defensores a comprender lo sucedido y a calibrar las capacidades actuales de los modelos”.

El fabricante de ChatGPT afirmó que la brecha de seguridad se produjo mientras realizaba pruebas internas sobre la eficacia de algunos de sus nuevos modelos para realizar ataques informáticos. Los modelos se encontraban en un entorno de prueba aislado, conocido como sandbox, para poder desactivar sus restricciones de seguridad habituales.

Sin embargo, OpenAI afirmó que los agentes de IA escaparon del entorno aislado utilizando una vulnerabilidad de seguridad previamente desconocida y se abrieron paso a través de los sistemas internos de OpenAI hasta que lograron obtener acceso a Internet, algo que no deberían haber tenido.

Una vez conectado, el modelo dedujo que Hugging Face, una conocida empresa que aloja miles de modelos y conjuntos de datos de IA de código abierto, probablemente tenía la respuesta a la prueba de OpenAI. Acto seguido, accedió a los servidores de producción de Hugging Face y extrajo la información necesaria para “resolver” el problema.

Hugging Face detectó la brecha de seguridad antes de saber que se trataba de una prueba de OpenAI, y anunció la semana pasada que habían detectado una intrusión por parte de un sistema de IA autónoma e incluso denunciando el incidente a las autoridades. El equipo de seguridad de OpenAI también detectó la actividad inusual internamente, y ambas compañías se pusieron en contacto. Ahora afirman que están colaborando para solucionar las vulnerabilidades de seguridad que el modelo explotó.

Clem Delangue, cofundador y CEO de Hugging Face, presentó el incidente como una prueba de que la seguridad de la IA no puede ser gestionada por una sola empresa que trabaje en solitario, y que debe abordarse de forma abierta y colaborativa.

“Este es el primer día de la ciberseguridad en la era de los agentes y todos estamos aprendiendo que el secreto no es la respuesta y que todos los defensores (no solo unos pocos seleccionados) en todas partes necesitan modelos más potentes sin restricciones, ¡especialmente los abiertos!”, dijo Delangue en una publicación en X.

Los investigadores llevan tiempo advirtiendo sobre la llegada de ciberataques autónomos, ya que los modelos de IA de vanguardia son cada vez más capaces de llevar a cabo ciberataques complejos y multifásicos durante largos periodos de tiempo. Esto puede traducirse en un riesgo real para infraestructuras críticas como los servicios públicos y los sistemas financieros.

“Bienvenidos al siguiente nivel de incidentes cibernéticos”, publicó Nikesh Arora, CEO de la empresa de ciberseguridad Palo Alto Networks, en X. “Estos ataques siguen poniendo de manifiesto la urgencia que tienen las empresas por probar, validar y mejorar tanto su postura de seguridad como su infraestructura”.

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Italian diaspora wins a major battle in the fight for citizenship

(CNN) — Nearly 500 days since Italy’s millions-strong diaspora was hit by sweeping changes to the country’s citizenship laws in March 2025, the legal battle for Italian citizenship-by-descent continues.Now, following last week’s surprise referral of the new two-generation limit for scrutiny by the European Court of Justice, the diaspora has won a major legal victory: the overturning of another recent rule that cut the pathway to citizenship for tens of thousands around the world.The so-called “minor issue,” imposed by the Italian government in October 2024, ruled that descendants born in so-called ius soli countries, which confer citizenship to anyone born there, would lose their Italian citizenship if their parents naturalized in the new country.It impacted descendants from the Americas, where ius soli (or jus soli) is predominant, especially hard. People in countries such as the US, Brazil, Argentina and Canada had their way to an Italian passport — ranked the fourth most powerful in the world in July’s Henley Passport Index — blocked overnight.But now, in a historic U-turn, Italy’s supreme court has overturned the “minor issue,” ruling that children who automatically acquired citizenship in the country of their birth did not lose their Italian citizenship when their parents relinquished their own. The landmark judgment, issued on July 27, follows the April 14 hearing in which the Sezioni Unite, the highest rung of the Corte di Cassazione, Italy’s supreme court, heard the cases of three families — one Venezuelan and two American — who had been blocked by the minor issue.Attorney Monica Restanio, whose arguments in court for the Venezuelan family were responsible for winning the ruling that abolishes the minor issue, said she was thrilled.“Achieving this result was a personal dream — the kind that drives every lawyer when they decide to defend a right that they believe in deeply,” she told CNN. “Today, what seemed a pipe dream has become a reality.”She attributed the court’s unexpected about-face to “years of study, research, and tireless work” that had gone into her legal argument, which she presented alongside Leo Piccininni, a professor of law at Rome university.Gustavo Monasterios, one of the plaintiffs who was appealing the rejection of his claim for citizenship through his Italian grandmother, said that he was “deeply relieved and overjoyed,” and he attributed the win to three women.“This victory belongs first and foremost to my grandmother, who passed down this heritage to us,” he told CNN.“It also belongs to my mother, who spent countless hours organizing translations, certifying documents and navigating local authorities.”Speaking from his home in Switzerland, Monasterios added that Restanio’s “fierce determination and tenacity turned a long, exhausting journey with many setbacks into a final victory.”A sudden about-faceThe minor issue had blocked descendants’ paths to citizenship for some years, with several first-level judges applying it from around 2019, and a previous supreme court judgment confirming it in June 2023, said Marco Mellone, another attorney who represented the two American families in the April 14 hearing.When the government issued a circular in October 2024, directing consulates to deny citizenship to those affected, “thousands and thousands of families were denied,” he said. “It was a nightmare.”This hearing was overseen by the Sezioni Unite, or United Sections — the highest tier of the supreme court.But while the landmark ruling reopens the path to citizenship for thousands worldwide, attaining it may be a different story.While the lower courts are bound to respect the Cassazione’s decision, government bodies such as consulates do not have to. If the government does not issue a new circular, descendants who are newly eligible will have to file costly lawsuits to get citizenship.The other major stumbling block is the two-generation limit introduced in March 2025 and the effective ban on dual citizenship for those born abroad, added in May last year. Those changes have now been sent to the European Court of Justice for scrutiny.However, both Restanio and Mellone said that they believe that those who were previously blocked by the minor issue now have a chance — even if they are barred by the 2025 law — by filing a court case on the grounds that they improperly believed they were not previously eligible.Within the court’s 28-page ruling was another glimmer of hope for descendants who were disappointed by the 2025 laws.“The decision reaffirms a fundamental principle: Italian citizenship iure sanguinis is acquired at birth; it constitutes an original status; it is imprescriptible, inalienable, and can be asserted at any time.Only the holder of the right may, if necessary, renounce it,” said Restanio. That suggests that the supreme court — which did not examine the 2025 law changes in the hearing—might not uphold the government’s sweeping changes, which stripped millions overnight of their status as dormant Italians. Restanio, however, said it would be wrong to predict how they might rule in future hearings.In the meantime, the diaspora is celebrating the unexpected win.“I’m ecstatic for all the descendants who now have a path to recognition,” said US-born Joseph Spinelle, who was recognized as an Italian citizen in 2024, and moved to Italy, before the minor issue disqualified other members of his family.Monasterios said that he was thinking of a phrase his grandmother used to say: “Il mattino ha l’oro in bocca,” or “the early bird catches the worm.”“Today, our hard work was answered,” he said.The-CNN-Wire™ & © 2026 Cable News Network, Inc., a Warner Bros. Discovery Company. All rights reserved.
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