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A teen, a fiancé and a ‘fearless’ father of 2 are among the service members killed or missing in the Iran war

(CNN) — Tyler James Feehan found a way to live life to the fullest, but some of his greatest adventures awaited him on the other side of his deployment: getting married, graduating with an MBA and finishing law school, his family and university said.

Now, instead of upcoming nuptials, Feehan’s loved ones are making funeral arrangements for the 25-year-old – one of 18 US troops killed in connection with the war in Iran.

The first service member deaths in the war came on March 1, when six Army Reserve troops were killed in an Iranian strike on a makeshift operations center in Kuwait.

Days later, an Army sergeant died after sustaining injuries during an attack in Saudi Arabia and six more service members were killed when a US Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker refueling aircraft crashed in Iraq.

In March, President Donald Trump said meeting with some of the fallen soldiers’ families at the time did not give him pause about the war. He and senior officials made clear there would likely be more casualties. Indeed, the human cost of the conflict has climbed, with a wave of service member deaths in July.

Two US soldiers were killed in Iranian strikes in Jordan on July 17, and a third is believed to have been killed after being previously listed as missing.

On July 19, another service member died during a controlled detonation of a downed one-way attack drone in northern Iraq.

About 100 US service members have suffered some level of injury since July 7, according to the Pentagon, which has been slow to disclose non-fatal attacks.

At least 3,375 people have been killed in Iran since the US and Israel began strikes on the country on February 28, according to the state-run Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting. One strike reportedly killed at least 168 children.

As families of service members still deployed overseas wait anxiously for the war to end, those who have lost loved ones are mourning the lives marked by purpose beyond the uniform.

Lt. Tyler James Feehan

Known by loved ones as “Tivo,” Feehan was looking forward to marrying his partner after his deployment. He also planned to go to law school as another way to serve others. His family said he quoted “Legally Blonde” often, saying: “What, like it’s hard?”

Feehan, of Ewa Beach, Hawaii, died July 18 in Jordan, the Department of Defense said. He was assigned to 2nd Battalion, 55th Air Defense Artillery Regiment, 32nd Army Air Missile Defense Command in Fort Bragg, North Carolina.

“Every day, he would come home and tell me stories about his soldiers,” his fiancée, Claire Fletcher, said in a statement obtained by CNN affiliate KUTV. “Their accomplishments, their struggles, and how proud he was of them.”

From climbing up to Everest Base Camp to trekking El Camino de Santiago from France through Spain, Feehan was “always looking forward to the next big adventure,” his family said.

He enjoyed “building LEGO sets, cheering for the Atlanta Falcons, using Dr. Squatch soap and drinking Shatto Milk from Missouri,” according to Fletcher.

Feehan was just weeks away from completing his MBA at Southern Utah University, the school said in an online statement. His degree will be awarded posthumously, the university said.

The family is working to establish a scholarship in Feehan’s name to help current and future service members continue their education – a goal he also had for himself.

“We are so proud of you Tyler, completely devastated but so so proud,” the family wrote in a joint statement. “We could not have asked for a better son and will make our mission to continue your legacy.”

Feehan, who admired fictional soccer coach Ted Lasso, planned to become a high school football coach following his service, Fletcher said.

Feehan is survived by his parents, his partner, two sets of grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins.

The last text message Feehan sent his fiancée before he died said, “I love you,” she recalled.

“I will love him for the rest of my life, and I will do everything I can to honor the legacy he leaves behind,” she said.

Pvt. Isabella Gonzales

Isabella Gonzales just graduated from high school last spring before enlisting in the Army, her Texas high school told CNN.

The 19-year-old from Carrollton, Texas, died in the Muwaffaq Salti Air Base strikes in Jordan on July 17, the Department of Defense said.

In her late teens, Gonzales exuded a level of self-confidence many spend their whole lives trying to find, her friend Jade Pena told CNN.

At Hebron High School in Carrollton, about 25 miles northwest of Dallas, the pair talked to Army recruiters together, Pena said. While Pena chose a different career path, Gonzales enlisted. They last spoke June 19 when Gonzales told Pena she was being sent to Jordan, she said.

Gonzales was assigned to 1st Battalion, 57th Air Defense Artillery Regiment, 52nd Air Defense Artillery Brigade, 10th Army Air Missile Defense Command in Ansbach, Germany, the Department of Defense said.

“No matter where life took her, she never stopped being herself,” Pena said. “She remained kind, genuine, and full of light. I miss her so much.”

Gonzales’ former school district said it was humbled by the soldier’s service and the devotion to her country.

“Not long ago, Isabella walked the halls of Hebron as a student, a classmate and a friend,” the Lewisville Independent School District said in a statement. “Her decision to serve after graduation speaks volumes of her character.”

Sgt. Angel Rampersad

In the face of crisis, Angel Rampersad was the calm, her aunt Judy Rackal said at a news conference in Queens, New York.

Rampersad – or Sarah, as she was known to family – was born in Trinidad and came to the US as a toddler. She and her sister were raised by a single mother in Ozone Park, New York, her aunt said.

“She had a quiet strength, even as a child,” Rackal said.

Rampersad enjoyed playing softball and bowling competitively in high school. At 18, she knew exactly what she wanted to do with the rest of her life: serve the country that helped her family make a home, according to her aunt.

“Even though she wasn’t born in the US, she loved it so much that she was willing to defend it with her own life,” Queens Borough President Donovan Richards said at the news conference.

She enlisted in the US Army in March 2019, serving as a signal operations support specialist in Hawaii and then Germany, the Department of Defense said in a statement.

Rampersad was killed in the July 17 Iranian strikes on Muwaffaq Salti Air Base in Jordan, the US military said.

“My daughter was a good soldier,” Rampersad’s mother, Carol Acevedo, said, fighting through tears. “She fought for this country and she died for this country, and I am a mother that is highly proud of her.”

News of Rampersad’s death has left loved ones both in New York and Trinidad reeling. Her father, who still lives in Trinidad, is making arrangements to travel to the US.

New York State Assemblywoman Jenifer Rajkumar expressed her condolences on Facebook, writing Rampersad “embodied the very best of the United States Army and of our country. She served far from home, stood in harm’s way, and carried out her duty with honor.”

Sgt. Michael Emmanuel Swinton

Michael Emmanuel Swinton, 30, of Fayetteville, North Carolina “answered the call to duty with courage, honor, and selfless dedication,” the Department of Defense said.

To his family, Swinton was “a big teddy bear” who loved to effortlessly crack jokes and spend time with his 4-year-old daughter, his widow Mia Gonzalez- Swinton told CNN’s Erin Burnett.

Swinton, “who took great pride in his work and the people around him,” was killed in northern Iraq on July 19 during a controlled detonation of a downed one-way attack drone at Erbil Air Base, the Department of Defense said.

A month earlier, Swinton had sent his wife a text, saying: “If I die, just make sure that my kids know that I love them.” Three days before his death, he saw his family for the last time on an unusually early morning video call, but he “sounded different” his wife said.

“He said that he loved me. He wanted to talk to our daughter, and he was asking me if I was okay,” she said.

The US Army Space and Missile Defense Command said it “is saddened by the loss of Sgt. Swinton, whose death occurred during an operation to safeguard fellow Soldiers.”

Sgt. Swinton was assigned to D Battery, 2nd Battalion, 55th Air Defense Artillery Regiment, 108th Air Defense Artillery Brigade in Fort Bragg, North Carolina. He will receive the Bronze Star, Purple Heart and Combat Action Badge and will be posthumously promoted to staff sergeant, according to the Department of Defense.

Though Swinton was a homebody, he made plans with his loved ones in anticipation of his return home. He wanted to go on a family vacation, fishing and meet with friends, his widow said.

“He wanted to make more memories,” Gonzalez- Swinton said.

Cmdr. Gabriel Edwards

After more than 100 hours of search-and-rescue efforts spanning 14,000 square miles of the Arabian Sea, the US Navy suspended operations on July 5 for Cmdr. Gabriel Edwards, commanding officer of Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron (HSC) 5. After Edwards’ helicopter went down, the military said there was “no indication the emergency was caused by hostile action.”

Edwards, a husband, father of two and “fearless leader,” was a native of Oakland, Oregon. He graduated in 2006 from Norfolk State University with a degree in physics and commissioned through the Naval ROTC, according to the US Navy.

His wife Rebecca expressed gratitude for all the support and determination dedicated to bringing her husband home.

“To those who served alongside him, he was a respected leader and mentor,” she wrote in a joint statement with the US Navy. “To our family, he is the love of my life, an extraordinary father to his children, and the foundation of our home. His greatest joy was always his family.”

Edwards may have been soft spoken, his high school social studies teacher and track coach Jeff Clark told CNN. But he was well respected by those he led.

“Gabe was just a wonderful young man and it showed through his ascension through the military and the great job he did there,” Clark said.

Maj. John ‘Alex’ Klinner

When asked if he has a favorite memory of his son, father John Klinner pauses.

“Gosh, there’s so many,” he told CNN. “Alex and I did a lot of camping trips. He loved the outdoors, and so we would go up to North Carolina every summer for years and just camped at this beautiful place. I’ve got a lot of good memories from those trips.”

Klinner, a beloved husband and father of a 2-year-old and 7-month-old twins, was “the perfect son, the perfect child,” his mother Mary Ellen said.

Just one day earlier, Klinner’s parents visited their grandchildren, who will now grow up without a father. “We’re heartbroken that he won’t be there for them,” John Klinner said. “He loved those children.”

Klinner served as a major in the Air Force for eight years, his family said. As the 99th Air Refueling Squadron’s chief of standardization and evaluation, Klinner oversaw the training and flight proficiency of more than 30 aircrew members, helping prepare pilots for missions, according to the Air Force.

The death “has left an immeasurable void in the lives of all who knew and loved him,” according to a GoFundMe page to support Klinner’s family.

“He was just very devoted to his family and community and to the Air Force. He loved flying, he was very passionate about that,” his father said. “He loved life. He was just a wonderful person and cared about others and always put others before himself.”

Capt. Ariana G. Savino

For Ariana G. Savino, flying was more than a job. It was her greatest passion, alongside mentoring “the next generation of youth, women, and minorities” in aviation and military service.

The 31-year-old was a “fierce, brave, passionate” woman with a smile and laugh that could transform the atmosphere of any room she entered, her family said in a statement shared with CNN affiliate KOMO News after she was killed in the Iraq crash.

Savino, of Covington, Washington, served as chief of current operations for the 99th Air Refueling Squadron, overseeing the unit’s daily flight schedule and coordinating its training and missions, according to the Air Force.

She earned her wings as a KC-135 pilot after completing her training last year but had been serving in the military since 2017, working her way up from standardization and evaluation officer to flight commander, the Air Force said.

As a Puerto Rican, Savino was “very, very proud of her heritage” and came from a family of service members, her friend retired Lt. Col. Ernesto Nisperos told CNN.

Savino had a sweet but strong personality, Nisperos said, and had followed in the footsteps of her father, who was a pilot for Alaska Airlines.

“In a lot of ways, you know, she was trying to be like dad. It was important for her to continue a legacy in her family,” he said.

Her family is starting an aviation scholarship for Latino youth and women who are interested in aviation, Nisperos said, to honor Savino’s mission to be a role model and help people with the same dream she had.

Tech. Sgt. Tyler H. Simmons

Just a day before he was killed in the Iraq crash, Tyler Simmons told his father he didn’t think he was coming back, Charles Mylo Simmons said in an interview with CNN, recalling their final conversations before his son’s death.

“And I told him ‘I’m praying for you’ … I really was hoping that he was going to be wrong.”

He said his son “loved what he did, he loved his country, he loved the military,” and he “loved his family.”

“His smile would light up the room,” he said. “His personality would illuminate the whole place.”

Simmons, a military boom operator, was their only child, and his mother had once hoped he would choose a different path than the military, according to WBNS.

But his passion and drive for aviation were evident early on, his father said. Teachers, he recalled, often described him as well-mannered and disciplined, and as he grew older he became increasingly focused on his goals.

“Knowing Tyler, if he could do it all over again, he’d probably make the same decision, because he loved what he did,” Charles Mylo Simmons said. “He was just an amazing son and it was my privilege to be able to be his father.”

Tech. Sgt. Ashley B. Pruitt

Fighting back tears, Ashley Pruitt’s husband told The Associated Press he had one word to describe his beloved: “radiant.”

“If there was a light in the room,” Gregory Pruitt said, “she was it.”

Now, he and their two young children are left to carry that light forward after the 34-year-old boom operator of Bardstown, Kentucky, was killed in the Iraq crash.

Pruitt, who was based at MacDill Air Force Base, served as an instructor boom operator and assistant flight chief of operations with the 99th Air Refueling Squadron, where she oversaw training and readiness and instructed fellow boom operators in the precise mechanics of midair refueling, the Air Force said.

While she had dedicated nearly a decade to the military, rising steadily through the enlisted ranks, “nothing compared to the love she held for her family,” her obituary read.

“She was a devoted wife and a deeply loving mother, and those closest to her knew she was living in her happiest chapter,” it said. “Her strength, warmth, and unwavering devotion created a home filled with love and laughter.”

Capt. Seth R. Koval

Seth R. Koval, 38, was living his lifelong dream of becoming a pilot and wore the uniform with purpose.

He first enlisted as a machinist with the Indiana Air National Guard in 2006 and “soon discovered a calling beyond himself,” according to his obituary. While serving, he earned a bachelor’s degree in aviation operations from Purdue University in 2011 and later transferred to the Ohio Air National Guard in 2017.

Koval was a seasoned combat pilot before he was killed in the Iraq crash and was responsible for training pilots in “worldwide air refueling, aeromedical, cargo and passenger operations,” his Air Force biography says.

His awards and decorations included the Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medal, and Air and Space Achievement Medal, the Ohio National Guard said.

His wife, whom he met on a childhood church mission trip, wrote on Facebook Koval was “many things — loving, generous, kindhearted, smart, devoted, a fixer of all things, a real outdoorsman, and selfless.”

“He always put others before himself — until the very end. I will see him in the smile of our son and carry him with me in every moment,” Heather Nichole said.

Capt. Curtis J. Angst

As the son of a flight attendant and a private pilot, Curtis Angst seemed to be destined for flight, Rep. Dave Taylor of Ohio said in a tribute to the fallen captain.

He grew up playing with toy airplanes outside his Ohio home and his father took him up for his first flight when he was still a toddler, Taylor said.

The 30-year-old, who was part of the crew killed in the Iraq crash, earned a bachelor’s degree in aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati in 2014 and joined the military the following year as a vehicle maintenance technician, according to the Ohio National Guard.

Angst earned his undergraduate pilot training in 2022 before achieving his pilot initial qualification in 2024. He was previously deployed in 2015 to support Operation Spartan Shield, the guard said.

His awards and decorations included the Air and Space Commendation Medal, National Defense Service Medal and the Meritorious Unit Award, according to the Guard.

“He was always ready to help someone else before himself. His constant smile and instantly recognizable laugh made people feel welcome, valued, and part of something bigger,” his obituary said.

Sgt. Declan Coady

Even as thousands of miles kept him away from his family in Iowa, Declan Coady stayed in touch with them by playing video games and talking for hours about anything from anime to his plans for the future.

The 20-year-old from Des Moines, Iowa, had been sending his family updates about his safety while in Kuwait so they knew something was wrong when the updates suddenly stopped, his sister Keira Coady told CNN.

“I wish I had called him one more time and told him I loved him,” Keira Coady said, following her brother’s death after an Iranian strike at Kuwait’s Shuaiba port.

Declan Coady was a gym enthusiast, a fencer and an Eagle Scout with a love for camping in national parks, hiking, white-water rafting and exploring the outdoors with his family, according to his sister and his obituary.

He also loved his job in the Army Reserve, even when he worked around the clock while overseas, his father, Andrew Coady, told The Associated Press.

Declan Coady enlisted in the Army Reserve in 2023 as an Army information technology specialist. Among the youngest in his class, Coady stood out to his instructors and had been recommended for a promotion, according to his father.

“He was very good at what he did,” his father said. The soldier had received several military awards, including the Army Service Ribbon, National Defense Service Ribbon and Overseas Service Ribbon.

Capt. Cody Khork

Cody Khork’s life was largely defined by three things: devotion, character, and service.

Behind his sense of duty, he was a man “known for his infectious spirit, generous heart, and deep care for those who served alongside him and for everyone blessed to know him,” his family said of the 35-year-old from Lakeland, Florida.

He was among the group of six service members killed after an Iranian strike in Kuwait.

In 2009, he enlisted in the National Guard as a multiple launch rocket system/fire direction specialist. He attended Florida Southern College, where he was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity and was known in the school community for his “leadership, character, and commitment to serving others,” the university said in a statement.

Khork loved history and had a degree in political science, which showed “his sharp mind and his sincere appreciation for the principles and sacrifices that have shaped our nation,” his family said.

After graduating from college in 2014, Khork was commissioned as a military police officer in the Army Reserve and was later deployed to Saudi Arabia, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and Poland.

His awards and decorations include the Meritorious Service Medal, Army Commendation Medal and Joint Service Achievement Medal.

Sgt. 1st Class Nicole Amor

Nicole Amor, a 39-year-old mother to a high school senior and a fourth-grader, was just days away from returning home, her husband said.

“She was almost home,” Joey Amor told The Associated Press. “You don’t go to Kuwait thinking something’s going to happen, and for her to be one of the first – it hurts.”

The soldier, of White Bear Lake, Minnesota, enlisted as an automated logistics specialist in the National Guard in 2005. She transferred to the Army Reserve a year later and deployed to Kuwait and Iraq in 2019.

She was an avid gardener and enjoyed inline roller skating and bicycling with her kids, the AP reported.

“Nicole believed deeply in caring for others and in nurturing life wherever she could,” her obituary read.

To carry her spirit and continue her love for gardening, her loved ones raised funds to build a greenhouse and also created a foundation to build “spaces for the community to come together offering acts of service.”

Sgt. 1st Class Noah Tietjens

Those who were close with Noah Tietjens knew it was rare to see him with a smile, but looks are deceiving, some of his friends told CNN.

“He was the kind of man who represented service, humility, leadership, and heart in everything he did,” said Faith Melegrito, co-owner of the Bellevue, Nebraska, studio where Tietjens spent his free time.

Martial arts were a big part of his and his family’s lives. The 42-year-old earned a double black belt in Taekwondo and Filipino martial arts and was an instructor. His wife and son also practiced.

Parallel to his dedication to martial arts was his commitment to the military and mentoring. He enlisted in the Army Reserve in 2006 as a wheeled vehicle mechanic. He was in his third deployment to Kuwait and had been there in 2019 with Amor.

Army Staff Sgt. Jonn Coleman, a fellow Nebraska soldier, told CNN affiliate KETV Tietjens’ mentorship was the reason he was able to advance his military career.

“He took me under his wing and got me to where I needed to be,” Coleman said.

Tietjens’ awards and decorations also include the Meritorious Service Medal, Army Commendation Medal and Army Achievement Medal.

Maj. Jeffrey O’Brien

Raised on a farm near Coggon, Iowa, Jeffrey O’Brien grew into a man of many passions: family, faith, jazz music and sports.

The 45-year-old husband and father of three was also known for his unwavering loyalty, especially to the Chicago Cubs, according to his obituary.

He was killed in Kuwait while serving in support of the 1st Theater Sustainment Command, which oversees the resupply and sustainment of troops across the Middle East, the Pentagon said.

O’Brien had served in the Army Reserve for nearly two decades and received several awards but he was most proud of his children.

He loved coaching them in track, cheering at gymnastics meets, and teaching them music and theater. “Many evenings and weekends were spent at ballfields, competitions, and events, creating memories his family will carry forever,” his obituary said.

“He was not only a role model to our kids, but also a goofy and silly dad, always looking for ways to make the kids laugh,” his family said in a statement to CNN affiliate KCCI.

“We are in shock, grieving, and grappling with the reality that we have lost the most important man in our lives, and we are trying to come to terms with how we move forward,” the family said, calling O’Brien a “true hero in every sense of the word.”

Chief Warrant Officer 3 Robert Marzan

Robert Marzan, 54, was a mentor to young service members and often brought others in front of a whiteboard to help them “map out a life plan.”

“As I reflect, Rob was probably one of the best humans I’ve ever met,” said Connor Kuehl, a friend who met Marzan after enlisting in 2013. The late soldier helped him finish school and push him to advance in his career, Kuehl told CNN affiliate KCRA.

Marzan, from Spotsylvania, Virginia, was assigned to the 103rd Sustainment Command in Des Moines, Iowa.

He served in the military for decades, first enlisting in the Army in 1990 and deployed to Croatia, Bosnia, Egypt and Kuwait throughout his career, according to the Army Reserve.

Outside of being a soldier, his sister, Elizabeth Marzan, wrote in a Facebook post he was a loving husband, father, brother, uncle and friend.

At the time of the strike, Robert Marzan was in the final two months of his deployment and his family was planning a celebration for his 55th birthday and the end of his military service, Rep. Ashley Hinson of Iowa said on Facebook.

Sgt. Benjamin Pennington

Benjamin “Ben” Pennington’s path to the military began early as he played Army with friends, watched the Military Channel and spent his days in a room decorated with Army prints and model planes hanging from the ceiling.

“Everyone who knew Ben well knew he was destined to be an Army man, and there was no convincing him otherwise,” his family said in the 26-year-old’s obituary.

Pennington, of Glendale, Kentucky, died on March 8 after sustaining injuries in an attack by Iran on Prince Sultan Air Base, Saudi Arabia. He was assigned to 1st Space Battalion, 1st Space Brigade, a unit within the Army’s Space and Missile Defense Command.

He enlisted in 2017 when he was 18 as a unit supply specialist and was posthumously promoted to staff sergeant, the Army said.

Outside the military, Pennington embraced hobbies and interests that kept him closely connected to home and family, according to his obituary.

A fan of Major League Baseball, he hoped to visit each of its ballparks. While stationed at Fort Carson in Colorado, he developed a love for hiking, snowboarding and skiing, and spent time exploring the state’s mountains with friends.

During trips home to Kentucky, his family said he enjoyed visiting bourbon distilleries and building his bourbon collection in recent years.

This story has been updated with additional reporting.

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What’s horned, fluffy, and ethically dubious? Yak clones

Hong Kong (CNN) — On the high-altitude plains of Tibet, ringed by snowy mountains and buffeted by harsh winds, scientists are hard at work creating horned, fluffy clones.These are Tibetan yaks, designed and cloned in secretive labs more than 4,000 meters above sea level, where researchers hope to create an “elite” herd of super-yaks, healthier and more fertile than their predecessors.This project, scientists hope, could even potentially revive a wild species revered by local Tibetans as a favorite of the land god.The long-haired Himalayan cattle are a critical part of the region’s economy and culture. But both domestic yaks and their wild cousins have been facing threats for years, with some rare subspecies at risk of disappearing entirely.Authorities in the southwestern Chinese region have poured tens of millions of dollars into boosting the yak industry in recent years – and they hope cloning can help.The first yak clone came in July 2025, Chinese state media hailing it as a breakthrough achievement that combined cloning with gene selection. More clones were born this spring – and researchers are now aiming to create a herd of more than 100 “elite” yak clones by 2028, boasting desired traits like faster growth and larger size.“This shows the technology has moved from a one-time success to a stable, mass-scale application,” said Fang Shengguo, the project’s scientific lead and director of the State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, according to state-run news agency Xinhua.But the project, which is supported by the Tibetan government, has also raised concerns among international observers. Cloning remains highly controversial, especially recent “de-extinction” projects, which gained global attention for trying to bring back long-dead species.Many experts acknowledge there are legitimate arguments for using cloning in conservation, and for gene selection in farming. But the ethical waters are murky, and any such project should have high levels of public transparency and accountability, said Lisa Moses, a veterinarian and bioethicist at Harvard Medical School.So far, much of the yak cloning project remains mysterious, with information largely limited to glowing state-media coverage.CNN reached out multiple times to Fang and others on the research team; Fang’s employer Zhejiang University; China’s State Council Information Office; and the Tibet Autonomous Region Information Office. All of them either referred requests to other authorities or never responded.Yak to the futureFirst off, there are two main types of yaks in Tibet – and the cloning project has different goals for them.There are wild yaks, which face the risk of extinction and are protected under Chinese law. Their numbers have declined by more than a third in the last 30 years, with just 10,000 to 20,000 individuals left, according to the Wildlife Conservation Society.Then we have their smaller cousin, the domestic yak, which is not endangered and numbers roughly 14 million worldwide, the vast majority in the rarefied air of the Tibetan plateaus. They’re a backbone of Tibet’s economy, used by nomadic farmers for wool, milk, meat, and farming labor such as plowing fields.Both species are threatened by climate change and habitat degradation, with warmer temperatures bringing invasive plant species and increased competition for resources – a big problem in one of the world’s most inhospitable terrains.“In the plateaus, it is just a fragile ecosystem, and with climate change, you have more extreme weather. It could wipe out entire herds in a particular area if you have a really bad winter storm,” said Carol Chyau, founder of SHOKAY, a yak’s-wool clothing brand that works directly with conservation organizations and Tibetan communities.There’s also the problem of inbreeding and cross-breeding. Wild yaks cross-breed with domestic yaks, which shrinks their wild genetic pool; and domestic yaks cross-breed with cows, similarly affecting their own genetic pool. Even within the same species, unchecked inbreeding has harmed genetic diversity and overall health, experts say.Over the past decade, yaks’ body size and weight have gone down, as well as their fertility – with just a 20% success rate in natural reproduction and fertilization, said Fang, the lead scientist, in a news release by Zhejiang University last year. “Human activity and ecological changes have led to a severe degradation crisis for the yak population.”Cloning, he hopes, can offer a solution.How to clone your yakHere’s how you make a clone: First, scientists select the strongest, healthiest yaks as DNA donors. They take their somatic cells (any non-reproductive cell in the body) and extract the nucleus – the tiny core that contains the yak’s genetic information. They then transfer that into an egg cell, which has had its own nucleus removed.That fertilized egg becomes a clone embryo, which is eventually implanted into a surrogate mother to carry to term.The first successful clone came from domestic yak DNA – a small, fluffy black calf born via C-section. Videos from Xinhua show the knobby-kneed newborn resting on straw, being stroked and examined by scientists in white coats.The following 10 clones, also domestic yaks, were “all natural births,” which may allow smoother rollout on a larger scale, the university said. As of June, all the clone calves are “growing healthily,” according to media reports.Chinese researchers say this approach could bring major economic benefits to the domestic yak industry. For one, it’s much faster than natural reproduction, said a separate news release by Zhejiang University in March. Yaks breed notoriously slowly, with females birthing just four or five offspring in their lifetime – a major challenge for their long-term survival.And while yaks are already uniquely adapted to their tough environment – with thick fleeces for the extreme cold and huge lungs suited to thin air – scientists can choose yak donors with “the best genetic traits” to breed clones with higher fertility, better disease resistance, and stronger resilience, said the university. This can then improve the quality of their genetic pool and boost farmers’ livelihoods, it said.Economic advantages aside, they’re also hoping to apply this technology to the conservation of wild yaks – specifically the golden wild yak, a subspecies with only about 300 individuals left in Tibet, according to Chinese state media. It’s so rare and revered it has taken on a semi-mythical air, sometimes described online as a “divine beast.”Researchers began this effort in 2025, taking cell samples from deceased golden wild yaks and transplanting clone embryos into surrogate mothers. And in April, state broadcaster CCTV reported that researchers had created more than 200 clone embryos of wild yaks (including the golden wild yak) and their crossbred offspring.But information about this part of the project is almost as scarce as the animals themselves. Researchers have yet to announce any successful birth of a wild yak clone, and it’s not clear what happened to the already-transplanted embryos or the surrogate mothers.The horns of an ethical dilemmaThis project might strike you as dystopian and disturbing, or exciting and encouraging – and its ethical soundness comes down to a few key factors, several experts told CNN.One ethical framework, which Harvard bioethicist Moses laid out in a 2021 paper, assesses such projects by asking: Are the goals feasible, and would they help protect the environment? Is this process effective, likely to succeed, with accountability mechanisms built in? How are the animals affected?“I think that the intent does matter,” said Moses. For instance, she added, most members of the public are more comfortable with using cloning for wildlife conservation than for agriculture.There are other recent examples. In 2020, San Diego Zoo announced it had successfully cloned the endangered Przewalski’s horse, known as the last wild horse. Months later, US officials unveiled Elizabeth Ann, a clone of the highly endangered black-footed ferret. Other “de-extinction” projects aim to resurrect animals like the woolly mammoth and the dire wolf.These efforts, too, are controversial. Since the beginning, critics of cloning and genetic editing have warned of the dangers of meddling with nature and “playing God,” and the slippery slope of potentially using those technologies on humans.Even beyond those arguments, some scientists say these projects reduce our sense of urgency toward fixing the environment, and that we can’t simply churn out clones while the planet burns. To truly enact change, they say, we have to continue addressing the root cause of the problem – restoring degraded habitats, lowering carbon emissions, cracking down on poaching, and more.But for others, “there is a strong feeling … that traditional conservation is essentially failing now,” Moses said. “What we’ve been doing for the last 100 years to try to stave off ecological destruction is not working.”“The argument is, we don’t have a choice,” she added. “If we want to try to do something that will actually make a difference, we need to use these technologies, specifically synthetic biology, to essentially override evolution and change the fitness of the species for the environment that they live in.”There are some who fully embrace the technology, like Julian Savulescu, head of the Centre for Biomedical Ethics at the National University of Singapore. If cloning and gene selection can create animals that “live healthier lives, live longer, benefit humans more – then not only is that permissible, but we have a moral obligation to do it,” he said.But he, too, acknowledged the complexities at play. For instance, cloning is an imperfect science and can often create offspring with genetic abnormalities. Are the yak scientists “creating unreasonable suffering in a large number of animals to produce a small number of elite animals?” he asked.It’s impossible to answer this question with the limited information from Chinese and Tibetan authorities and state media. For example, we don’t know how many failed births, miscarriages or deaths took place before the 11 successful clones were born; their exact definition of a “natural birth”; what measures are in place to ensure genetic diversity among the clone herd; and what ethical regulations and oversight are being implemented.We also need more information about the project’s long-term goals, said Chyau, the SHOKAY founder. If these clone yaks are meant to boost the farming industry, are they being selectively bred to produce more milk, or better cuts of meat, or specific types of wool? How might these specific traits impact the overall yak population and their habitat?“History is littered with good intentions in the environment gone wrong,” Moses said, “and I would argue that these technologies have even more unknowns than ones that we previously employed.”The-CNN-Wire™ & © 2026 Cable News Network, Inc., a Warner Bros. Discovery Company. All rights reserved.
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